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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mujast</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">MUJAST</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Mountain Top University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title>MUJAST</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2736-2310</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Mountain Top University</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Prayer City, Ogun State, Nigeria</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">LEGACY-3hch0i</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.mtu/legacy-3hch0i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Complex dynamics in soil temperature: A case study of Southern Nigeria</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
        <name>
          <surname>Kareem</surname>
          <given-names>S. O.</given-names>
        </name>
        <aff id="aff-1">Mountain Top University, Nigeria</aff>
        

      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author" >
        <name>
          <surname>Vincent</surname>
          <given-names>U. E.</given-names>
        </name>
        <aff id="aff-2">Mountain Top University, Nigeria</aff>
        

      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author" >
        <name>
          <surname>Laoye</surname>
          <given-names>J. A.</given-names>
        </name>
        <aff id="aff-3">Mountain Top University, Nigeria</aff>
        

      </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2022 Mountain Top University. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0).</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>Mountain Top University</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read/>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>&lt;p&gt;In this paper, the soil temperature dynamics in south-western Nigeria is investigated using nonlinear time series analysis approach. The 5-mins interval soil temperature data observed continuously over a period of 1 year (from January to December, 2012) were analysed to investigate the existence of chaos. We employed the method of false nearest neighbour carefully interlaced with the average mutual information method to reconstruct the original attractor of the soil temperature&apos;s evolution process. The Lyapunov exponent, in addition to the strange attractor of the process, was also employed to identify chaos in the process. Numerical simulations were performed to show the validity of our approach. Tabular and graphical are presented. The results of the computation show the existence of chaos in the soil temperature.&lt;/p&gt;</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>&lt;p&gt;Soil temperature; chaos; nonlinear time series; false nearest neighbour; average mutual information&lt;/p&gt;</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>Introduction &amp; Full Text Notice</title>
      <p>The complete authoritative record and full scholarly content for this article is available in the archival PDF galley deposited at Mountain Top University Scholarly Repository.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <p>Archived with full citation indexing at Mountain Top University Scholarly Publishing Network.</p>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>